Steemit(STEEM): Incentivized Blockchain-based Social Media Platforms

DAOrayaki DAO Research Grant：

Fund Address: DAOrayaki.eth

Voting Result：DAO Committee Yes

Grant Amount：200 USD

Category: DAO, Smart Social Currency, Proof-of-Brain, Decentralized media, Delegated Proof-of-Stake(DPoS), Proof-of-Work(PoW), content creators, witnesses, curators, Steem Blockchain dollars (SBD), DEX, Escrow payments, Multi-sig authorities, Timelocks

Contributor：Jones, Julie，DAOctor @Daorayaki

Brief Overview About STEEM:

Steem is a community-focused blockchain that creates an instant earning opportunity for the network’s users. The protocol is designed to provide an earning opportunity for customers based on their value to the network. It is designed to provide users with a platform where they can post curated content online, and get paid in cryptocurrency.

Project Summary:

Steem provides a scalable blockchain protocol for publicly accessible and immutable content, along with a fast and fee-less digital token (called STEEM) which enables people to earn currency by using their brain (what can be called “Proof-of-Brain”). The two building blocks of this protocol, both blockchain and token, depend on each other for security, immutability and longevity, and are therefore integral to each other’s’ existence. Steem has been successfully operation for over a year, and has now exceeded both Bitcoin and Ethereum in number of transactions processed.

The protocol is a publicly available, incentivised blockchain database that allows users to interact with themselves and earn in return. It leverages technologies from both social media and cryptocurrency to provide users with value. The network ensures the fair treatment of contributors by running a reward structure that reflects each user’s contribution.

Steemit is the first app that was bilt on the Steam blockchain, and it launched on July 4, 2016. The protocol aims to provide value for its community of users in the following ways:

-    To provide thoughtfully chosen news and commentaries.

-    Creating an opportunity to earn.

-    As a source that offers answers to users’ inquiries.

-    Offering a stable cryptocurrency pegged to the USD.

Basic Information:

I- Proof of Brain: Smart and Social Tokens:

Token systems that reward users as they contribute to a token-based community system require mechanisms for establishing and evaluating content’s social value: Steem denote this as the “Proof-of-Brain”.

1.   The Rewards Pool (“Where do the tokens come from?”)

One of the most innovative aspects of the Steem Blockchain is the “Rewards Pool” from which tokens are distributed to valuable content creators. In order to understand what the Rewards Pool is, one first needs to understand that tokens are produced differently in DPoS blockchains than they are in PoW blockchains. In traditional PoW blockchains, tokens are produced regularly but randomly distributed to the people whose machines are performing work (“miners”).

Different from PoW-only cryptocurrencies, tokens in Steem are generated at a fixed rate of one block every three seconds. These tokens get distributed to various actors in the system based on the defined rules of the blockchain. These actors, such as content creators, witnesses, and curators, compete in specialized ways for the tokens. Unlike the traditional PoW means of distribution, where miners are competing in ways that add value to the network.

The rate that new tokens are generated was set to 9.5% per year starting in December 2016, and decreases at a rate of 0.01% every 250,000 blocks, or about 0.5% per year, The inflation will continue decreasing at this rate until it reaches 0.95%, after a period of approximately 20.5 years. Of the supply of new tokens created by the Steem blockchain every year, 75% of those tokens compose the “rewards pool” which are distributed to content creators and content curators. 15% are distributed to vested token holders, and 10% are distributed to Witnesses, the block producers cooperating inside Steem’s DPoS consensus protocol.

2.   Rewards for Content Creators and Curators:

The users who produce content are adding value to the network by creating material that will drive new users to the platform, as well as keep the existing users engaged and entertained. This aids in distributing the currency to a wider set of users and increases the network effect. The users that take time to evaluate and vote on content are playing an important role in distributing the currency to the users who are adding the most value. The blockchain rewards both of these activities relative to their value based on the collective wisdom of the crowd collected through the stake-weighted voting system.

3.   Voting with Staked-Tokens to Determine Allocation of Rewards:

Steem operates on the basis of one-STEEM, one-vote. Under this model, individuals who have contributed the most to the platform, as measured by their account balance, have the most influence over how contributions are scored. Stake can be bought or earned. Users can not gain additional influence by owning multiple accounts, since one single account with an amount of stake will have the same influence as two different accounts sharing the same amount of stake.  The only way for users to increase their influence in the platform is to increase their stake.

Furthermore, Steem only allows members to vote with STEEM when it is committed to a 13-week vesting schedule called Steem Power. Under this model, members have a financial incentive to vote in a way that maximises the long-term value of their STEEM.

II-  Speed and Scale on the Steem Blockchain:

The Steem blockchain is designed to be one of the fastest and most efficient blockchains in existence, which is necessary to be able to support the amount of traffic expected on a social platform larger than the size of Reddit. Steem has already surpassed Bitcoin in number of transactions, and is able to scale to support 10,000 or more transactions per second.

1-   Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS):

Often bottlenecked by Proof-of-Word (PoW), many blockchains can’t scale beyond three transactions per second, which is a fraction of the world’s financial traffic. Steem needed far more scale and speed than that offered by PoW. And so, a lesser-known algorithm called Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) was leveraged to lay the foundation for a billions of users.

Because of DPoS, the Steem blockchain is able to generate a new block every 3 seconds with minimal computational load. This means that the blockchain can process more transactions and hold more information, including content. By defining the rules for when a Hardfork occurs, the witnesses elected within the DPoS framework can quickly and efficiently decide on whether or not to move forward with a proposed hardfork, allowing the Steem blockchain protocol to evolve more rapidly than most others. The Steem blockchain has already successfully forked 18 times, and each time a Hardfork has occurred, only a single chain has persisted after the fork.

2-   ChainBase:

ChainBase is the database portion of the blockchain stack and replaced Graphene in 2016. ChainBase has faster load and exit times, supports parallel access to the database and is more robust against crashes than its predecessor. It also has less frequent database corruption, allows instant “snapshotting” of entire database state, and can serve more RPC requests from the same memory.

3-   AppBase:

AppBase is the first step in creating a multi-chain FABRIC. AppBase enables many components of the Steem blockchain to become modular by creating additional non-consensus blockchains as dedicated plugins. These plugins can be updated much more rapidly because they do not require replaying the entire blockchain. This makes steemd far more efficient and easier to maintain and scale.

III-   Steem’s Platform Features:

The Steem blockchain serves a dual purpose of being a digital token processing system, as well as a mainstream social media platform. The features offered by the blockchain need to support both purposes, and provide users with a world class experience when using both aspects of the platform.

1-   Primitives Designed for Content Applications:

Steem offers users the unique ability to publish and store different types of content directly and permanently into the immutable ledger of the blockchain as plain text. Once stored in the blockchain, data becomes available publicly for developers to build from. Developers are able to interact with the content directly in the blockchain using the available APIs. Several of the blockchain primitives developers can build from include Account Names, Posts, Comments, Votes and Account Balance.

2-   Steem Blockchain Dollars (SBD):

Many users who are introduced to cryptocurrency struggle to comprehend how “magic internet tokens” awarded by the platform can actually have real world value. In order to help bridge the gap between more traditional fiat money systems which mainstream users are used to, and the cryptocurrency tokens which they are awarded through the platform, a new currency called Steem Blockchain Dollars (SBD) was created.

SBD tokens are designed to be pegged closely to one USD, so that users who receive them can know approximately how much they are worth in “real dollar” terms. SBD tokens also offer a relatively stable currency for users to hold if they are looking to preserve their account value relative to USD. A more detailed technical explanation can be found in the Steem technical whitepaper.

4.   Decentralized Exchange:

The Steem blockchain offers a decentralized token exchange, similar to the Bitshares exchange. The exchange allows users to trade their STEEM and SBD tokens through a public decentralized peer-to-peer market. Users are able to place buy and sell orders, and order matching is performed automatically by the blockchain. There is also a publicly accessible order book and order history which users can use to analyze the market. Users can interact with the exchange directly using the blockchain API, or use a GUI such as the one on Steemit.com.

5.   Payments Through Escrow:

The irreversible nature of blockchain transactions is an important security feature, although there are many cases where users may not be comfortable sending their tokens to another individual without a way to get them back if the other user does not hold up their end of the agreement. The Steem blockchain provides a way for users to send coins to each other with a third party designated as an escrow service. The user acting as the escrow service is able to determine if the terms of the agreement have been met, and either allow the funds to be released to the receiver or returned to the sender.

6.   Hierarchical Private Key Structure:

Steem employs a first of its kind hierarchical private key system to facilitate low-security and highsecurity transactions. Low-security transactions tend to be social, such as posting or commenting. High-security transactions tend to be transfers and key changes. This allows users to implement different levels of security for their keys, depending on the access that the keys allow.

These private keys are the Posting, Active and Owner. The posting key allows accounts to post, comment, edit, vote, resteem15, and follow/mute other accounts. The active key is meant for more sensitive tasks such as transferring funds, power up/down transactions, converting Steem Dollars, voting for witnesses, placing market orders, and resetting the posting key. The owner key is only meant for use when necessary. It is the most powerful key because it can change any key of an account, including the owner key, and to prove ownership during an Account Recovery. Ideally it is meant to be stored offline, and only used when the account’s keys need to be changed or to recover a compromised account.

Steem also facilitates the use of a Master Password that encrypts all three keys. Webservices can use a Master Password that decrypts and signs with the necessary private key. Master Passwords may allow users to trust certain services to keep improper keys from being transferred across any servers, thus increasing user experience while maintaining a secure client-side signing environment.

7.   Multi Sig Authorities:

The Steem blockchain allows an authority to be split across multiple entities, so that multiple users may share the same authority, or multiple entities are required to authorize a transaction in order for it to be valid. This is done in the same way as Bitshares where each public/private key pair is assigned a weight, and a threshold is defined for the authority. In order for a transaction to be valid, enough entities must sign so that the sum of their weights meets or exceeds the threshold.

8.   Multiple Reward Beneficiaries:

For any given post there may be a number of different people who have a financial interest in the reward. This includes the author, possible co-authors, referrers, hosting providers, blogs that embedded blockchain comments, and tool developers. Whatever website or tool that is used to construct a post or comment will have the ability to set how rewards from that comment are divided among various parties. This allows for various forms of collaboration, as well as a way for platforms that are built on top of the Steem blockchain to collect a portion of the rewards from their users.

9.   Smart Media Tokens (SMT):

Steem’s Smart Media Tokens (SMTs) give anyone the power to launch and sell Proof-of- Brain tokens, which are tokens distributed by “upvote” and “like”-based algorithms and can be integrated with websites to align incentives and spur growth, while websites are tested and continues to be proven by steemit.com, busy.org, chainbb.com, dsound.audio, dtube.video and other Steem interfaces, which are monetizing content, tokens and media in a way never before seen.

Several popular token protocols, such as Ethereum’s ERC-20, allow you to create and launch arbitrary tokens, but no protocol enables content businesses to leverage those tokens by aligning incentives between users and applications. Due to suboptimal transaction cost structures that incur fees for basic actions such as voting or posting, misalignment of interests between meta and core tokens that aren’t built for influencing distributions based on Proof-of-Brain, private key hierarchies that don’t cater to social versus financial operations, and slow transaction speeds that are out of sync with real-time websites - none of these protocols could ever provide an acceptable user experience for content websites, such as Twitter, Reddit (even subreddits) or The New York Times.

10.   Stolen Account Recovery:

If a user’s account is compromised, they may change their keys using their private owner key. In the event that the attacker is able to compromise the private owner key and change the password on the account, the user has 30 days to submit a previously functional private key through Steem’s industry-first stolen account recovery process, and regain control over their account. This may be offered by a person or company who provides registration services to Steem. It is not mandatory for the registrar to provide this service to its users, but it is available to increase the value of a registrar’s users’ experience.

11.   Security Through Time-Locks:

If a user’s active or owner key is compromised, the attacker would have full access to all of the funds in their account. Because blockchain transactions are irreversible, users have no way to get their funds back after they have been stolen.

The Steem blockchain allows users to store their STEEM and SBD tokens in a savings account, so that the funds may not be withdrawn until after a three-day waiting period. In addition, STEEM that is held in the 13 week vesting schedule may only be withdrawn at a rate of 1/13 per week, after an initial waiting period of seven days. These time-locks prevent an attacker from being able to access the full portion of the user’s funds immediately, so that the rightful owner has time to regain control over their account before all of their funds can be withdrawn.

12.   Bandwidth Rate Limiting for Fee-less Operations:

Because the witnesses are paid entirely through the generation of new tokens, there is no need to charge users a fee for powering the blockchain. The only reason to charge a fee would be as a deterrent to prevent users from completing an unreasonable amount of transactions, which could potentially impact the performance of the blockchain.

In order to place reasonable limits on the system use, each user is given a limited bandwidth. Whenever users perform blockchain operations such as token transfers, posting content, and voting, it uses up a portion of their bandwidth. If a user exceeds their bandwidth allowance, they must wait to perform additional actions until their bandwidth recharges. Bandwidth limits adjust based on network use, so users have a higher bandwidth allowance when the network usage is low. The amount of bandwidth that an account is allowed is directly proportional to the amount of Steem Power a user has, so users can always increase their bandwidth allowance by getting additional Steem Power.

IV-   Contact Information:

Official website: https://steem.com/

Steemit platform: https://steemit.com/

Github Repository: https://github.com/steemit

Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/steemit/

Twitter Account: https://twitter.com/steemit

Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/steemit/

Blog: https://steemit.com/@steemitblog

Steemit(STEEM): 基于区块链的激励性社交媒体平台

DAOrayaki DAO Research Grant：

Fund Address: 0xCd7da526f5C943126fa9E6f63b7774fA89E88d71

Voting Result：DAO Committee Yes

Grant Amount：200 USD

Category: DAO, Smart Social Currency, Proof-of-Brain, Decentralized media, Delegated Proof-of-Stake(DPoS), Proof-of-Work(PoW), content creators, witnesses, curators, Steem Blockchain dollars (SBD), DEX, Escrow payments, Multi-sig authorities, Timelocks

Contributor：Jones，julie, DAOctor @Daorayaki

STEEM简介:

Steem 是一个以社区为中心的区块链项目，可为网络用户提供即时赚钱的机会。 该协议旨在根据客户对网络的价值为客户提供赚钱机会。它旨在为用户提供一个平台，让他们可以在线发布策划的内容，并以加密货币形式获得报酬。

项目总结:

Steem 为可公开访问且不可变的内容提供可扩展的区块链协议，以及一种快速且免费的数字代币（称为 STEEM），使人们能够通过使用他们的智力来赚取货币（可称为“脑力证明”） . 该协议的两个组成部分，区块链和代币，在安全性、稳定性和持久性方面相互依赖，因此是彼此存在的组成部分。

该协议是一个公开可用的、激励性的区块链数据库，允许用户与自己互动并获得回报。 它利用社交媒体和加密货币技术为用户提供价值。 该网络通过运行反映每个用户贡献的奖励结构来确保公平对待贡献者。

Steemit 是第一个在 Steam 区块链上发布的应用程序，于 2016 年 7 月 4 日推出。 该协议旨在通过以下方式为其用户社区提供价值：

- 提供精心挑选的新闻和评论。

- 创造赚钱的机会。

- 提供用户查询答案的来源。

- 提供与美元挂钩的稳定加密货币。

基本信息:

I- 脑力证明：智能和社交代币：

在用户为基于代币的社区系统做出贡献时建立和评估内容社会价值的机制：Steem 将其表示为“脑力证明”。

1. 奖励池（“代币从何而来？”）

Steem 区块链最具创新性的方面之一是“奖励池”，代币从中分配给有价值的内容创建者。为了理解奖励池是什么，首先需要了解代币在 DPoS 区块链中的生成方式与在 PoW 区块链中的生成方式不同。在传统的 PoW 区块链中，代币定期生产，但随机分配给正在执行工作的人（“矿工”）。

与 PoW-only 加密货币不同，Steem 中的代币以每三秒一个区块的固定速率生成。这些代币根据区块链的定义规则分配给系统中的各个参与者。这些参与者，例如内容创建者、见证人和策展人，以专门的方式争夺代币。与传统的 PoW 分配方式不同，矿工以增加网络价值的方式进行竞争。

从 2016 年 12 月开始，新代币的生成率设定为每年 9.5%，每 250,000 个区块以 0.01% 的速度下降，或每年约 0.5%，通货膨胀将继续以这个速度下降，直到达到 0.95 %，在大约 20.5 年之后。在 Steem 区块链每年提供的新代币供应中，75% 的代币构成“奖励池”，分发给内容创建者和内容策展人。 15% 分配给既得代币持有者，10% 分配给见证人，见证人是在 Steem 的 DPoS 共识协议内合作的区块生产者。

2.  内容创作者和策展人的奖励：:

制作内容的用户正在通过创建将新用户吸引到平台的素材来为网络增加价值，以及保持现有用户的参与和娱乐性。 这有助于将代币分配给更广泛的用户并增加网络效应。 花时间对内容进行评估和投票的用户将代币分配给最大贡献用户方面发挥着重要作用。 区块链通过股权加权投票系统收集的集体智慧，根据其价值奖励参与这两项活动的用户。

3.  使用抵押代币进行投票以确定奖励的分配:

Steem 以一 STEEM、一票的方式运作。 在这种模式下，根据账户余额衡量，对平台贡献最大的个人会对贡献的评分方式影响最大。 股份可以购买也可以赚取。 用户不能通过拥有多个账户获得额外的影响力，因为一个拥有一定数量股份的单个账户将与共享相同数量股份的两个不同账户具有相同的影响力。 用户在平台中增加影响力的唯一方法是增加他们的股份。

此外，Steem 仅允许会员在 STEEM 承诺 13 周的股份行权计划时使用 Steem Power 进行投票。 在这种模式下，成员以经济激励最大化其 STEEM 的长期价值的方式进行投票。

II- Steem 区块链上的速度和规模：

Steem 区块链旨在成为现有最快、最高效的区块链之一，对于支持比 Reddit 规模更大的社交平台上预期的流量来说很有必要。 Steem 在交易数量上已经超过了比特币，并且能够扩展以支持每秒 10,000 次或更多的交易。

1- 委托权益证明（DPoS）：

许多区块链通常受到工作量证明(PoW) 的瓶颈，无法扩展超过每秒三笔交易，而这只是世界金融流量的一小部分。 Steem 需要比 PoW 提供更大的规模和速度。因此，一种鲜为人知的算法被称为委托权益证明（DPoS），为数十亿用户奠定了基础。

由于 DPoS，Steem 区块链能够以最小的计算负载每 3 秒生成一个新块。这意味着区块链可以处理更多交易并保存更多信息，包括内容。通过定义硬分叉何时发生的规则，在 DPoS 框架内选出的见证人可以快速有效地决定是否推进提议的硬分叉，从而使 Steem 区块链协议比大多数其他协议发展得更快。 Steem 区块链已经成功分叉了 18 次，每次发生硬分叉，分叉后只有一条链持续存在。

2-   ChainBase:

ChainBase 是区块链堆栈的数据库部分，并在 2016 年取代了 Graphene。 ChainBase 具有更快的加载和退出时间，支持对数据库的并行访问，并且比其前身更能抵御崩溃。 它还具有较少的数据库损坏频率，允许对整个数据库状态进行即时“快照”，并且可以从相同的内存中处理更多的 RPC 请求。

3-   应用程序库：

AppBase 是创建多链 FABRIC 的第一步。 AppBase 通过创建额外的非共识区块链作为专用插件，使 Steem 区块链的许多组件变得模块化。 这些插件可以更快地更新，因为它们不需要重放整个区块链。 这使得 steemd 更高效，更容易维护和扩展。

III-   Steem 的平台特点：

Steem 区块链具有双重目的，即成为数字代币处理系统以及主流社交媒体平台。 区块链提供的功能需要支持这两个目的，并在使用平台的两个方面时为用户提供世界一流平台的体验。

1-   为内容应用程序设计的原语：

Steem 为用户提供了独特的，可以将不同类型的内容作为纯文本直接永久地发布和存储到区块链的不可变分类账中的能力。 一旦存储在区块链中，数据就可以公开供开发人员使用。 开发人员使用可用的 API 直接与区块链中的内容进行交互。 开发人员可以构建几个区块链的原语包括帐户名称、帖子、评论、投票和帐户余额。

2-   Steem Blockchain Dollars (SBD):

许多被区块链吸引来的用户都难以理解该平台授予的“神奇的互联网代币”实际上如何具有现实世界的价值。 为了帮助消除主流用户习惯的更传统的法定货币系统与他们通过平台授予的加密代币之间的差距，创建了一种名为 Steem Blockchain Dollars (SBD) 的新货币。

SBD 代币旨在与美元紧密挂钩，以便收到代币的用户可以大致了解它们以“实际美元”计算的价值。 如果用户希望保持其相对于美元的账户价值，SBD 代币还为用户提供了一种相对稳定的货币。 更详细的技术解释可以在 Steem 技术白皮书中找到。

4.    去中心化交易所：

Steem 区块链提供去中心化的代币交换功能，类似于 Bitshares 交换。 该交易所允许用户通过公共分散的点对点市场交易他们的 STEEM 和 SBD 代币。 用户可以进行买卖订单，订单匹配由区块链自动执行。 还有一个可公开访问的订单簿和订单历史记录，用户可以使用它来分析市场。 用户可以使用区块链 API 直接与交易所进行交互，或者使用诸如 Steemit.com 上的 GUI。

5.    通过托管付款：

尽管在很多情况下，区块链交易的不可逆转性是一个重要的安全特性，如果其他用户不遵守协议，用户可能不愿意将他们的代币发送给另一个人而无法取回。 Steem 区块链为用户提供了一种指定托管服务的第三方相互发送代币的方式。 充当托管服务的用户能够确定是否满足协议条款，并允许将资金释放给接收方或返回给发送方。

6.   分层私钥结构：

Steem 采用首创的分层私钥系统来促进低安全性和高安全性交易。低安全性交易往往是社交性的，例如发布或评论。高安全性交易往往是传输和密钥更改。这允许用户为其密钥实施不同级别的安全性，具体取决于密钥允许的访问权限。

这些私钥是属于发布者、活动者和所有者。发帖键允许帐户发帖、评论、编辑、投票、回复steem15  以及关注/静音其他帐户。活动密钥用于更敏感的任务，例如转移资金、加电/断电交易、转换 Steem 美元、为见证人投票、下市订单和重置发布密钥。所有者密钥仅在必要时使用。它是最强大的密钥，因为它可以更改帐户的任何密钥，包括所有者密钥，并在帐户恢复期间证明所有权。理想情况下，它应该离线存储，并且仅在需要更改帐户密钥或恢复受损帐户时使用。

Steem 还促进了对三个密钥进行加密的主密码的使用。 Web 服务可以使用主密码来解码并使用必要的私钥进行签名。主密码可以允许用户信任某些服务，以防止不正确的密钥在服务器之间传输，从而提高用户体验，同时保持安全的客户端签名环境 。

7.   多重签名权限：

Steem 区块链允许将权限拆分到多个实体，以便多个用户可以共享相同的权限，或者需要多个实体对交易进行授权才能使其有效。 这与 Bitshares 以相同的方式完成，其中每个公钥/私钥对都分配了一个权重，并为权限定义了一个阈值。 为了使交易有效，必须有足够多的实体签名，以使它们的权重总和达到或超过阈值。

8.   多重奖励受益人：

对于任何给定的帖子，可能会有许多不同的人对奖励牵扯经济利益。 这包括作者、可能的合著者、推荐人、托管提供商、嵌入区块链评论的博客和工具开发人员。 用于构建帖子或评论的任何网站或工具都可以设置如何在各方之间分配该评论的奖励。 这允许各种形式的协作，以及建立一种在 Steem 区块链平台从用户那里获得部分奖励的方式。

9.   智能媒体代币 (SMT)：

Steem 的智能媒体代币 (SMT) 赋予任何人发布和销售脑力证明代币的权力，它们是由基于“给予好评”和“喜欢”的算法分发代币，与网站集成以调整激励措施并刺激增长，网站经过 steemit.com、busy.org、chainbb.com、dsound.audio、dtube.video 和其他 Steem 界面的测试和验证，它们正在以前所未有的方式将内容、代币和媒体货币化。

几种流行的代币协议，例如以太坊的 ERC-20，允许您创建和发布任意代币，但没有任何协议能让内容商通过利用这些代币来调整用户和应用程序之间的激励模式。由于次优的交易成本结构会为投票或发布等基本操作产生费用，元语言和核心代币之间的利益不一致，不是为了影响基于脑力证明的分布而构建的，不迎合社会与金融运营的私钥层次结构，以及与实时网站不同步的缓慢交易速度——这些协议都无法为内容网站提供可接受的用户体验，例如 Twitter、Reddit（甚至 subreddit）或纽约时报。

10.   被盗账户恢复：

如果用户的帐户被盗用，他们可能会使用他们的私人所有者密钥更改他们的密钥。 如果攻击者能够泄露所有者私钥并更改帐户密码，则用户有 30 天的时间通过 Steem 业界首创的被盗帐户恢复流程提交以前可以使用的私钥，并重新获得对其帐户的控制权 . 这可能由向 Steem 提供注册服务的个人或公司提供。 并非必须向其用户提供此服务，但可以增加注册用户体验的价值。

11.   通过时间锁定确保安全：

如果用户的活动密钥或所有者密钥被泄露，攻击者将可以完全访问其帐户中的所有资金账户。 由于区块链交易不可逆，用户被盗后无法追回资金。

Steem 区块链允许用户将他们的 STEEM 和 SBD 代币存储在一个储蓄账户中，以便在三天的等待期之后提取资金。 此外，在 13 周的股份行权计划中持有的 STEEM 在最初的 7 天等待期后，只能以每周 1/13 的速度提取。 这些时间锁定防止攻击者能够立即访问用户资金的全部部分，以便合法所有者有时间在他们的所有资金被提取之前重新控制他们的帐户。

12.  免费操作的带宽速率限制：

由于见证人完全通过生成新代币获得报酬，因此无需向用户收取为区块链供能的费用。收取费用的唯一原因是为了阻止用户完成不合理数量的交易，而这可能会影响区块链的性能。

为了对系统使用设置合理的限制，每个用户被给予有限的带宽。每当用户执行代币转移、发布内容和投票等区块链操作时，都会占用一部分带宽。如果用户超出了他们的带宽限额，他们必须等待执行其他操作，直到他们的带宽重新充电。带宽限制根据网络使用情况进行调整，因此当网络使用率较低时，用户有更高的带宽限额。帐户允许的带宽量与用户拥有的 Steem Power成正比，因此用户始终可以通过获得额外的 Steem Power 来增加带宽限额。

IV-   联系方式:

Official website: https://steem.com/

Steemit platform: https://steemit.com/

Github Repository: https://github.com/steemit

Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/steemit/

Twitter Account: https://twitter.com/steemit

Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/steemit/

Blog: https://steemit.com/@steemitblog

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