DAOrayaki Reserach |Proof of Humanity：人与 MetaMask 的集成

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DAOrayaki DAO Research Grant：

Fund Address: DAOrayaki.eth

Voting Result：DAO Committee Yes

Grant Amount： 200 USD

Category: Proof of Humanity, Democracy Earth, Kleros, Identity Verification, Sybil attacks, Universal Basic Income (UBI), Universal identifies and sovereign identities, Certification systems and reputation, PoH consensus, Side chains, Better Funding Mechanisms, Quadrating Funding, Quadratic Voting, Certification and Reputation Systems, Sybil-Resistant Airdrops, Yield Farming, and NFT Distribution, Anti-Spam Tools

Contributor：Jones ，julie@Daorayaki

成立年份	2021
发布时间	三月
融资金额	不详
所属	DAO, Security, Community
代币缩写	UBI
代币协议	ERC-20
合约地址	0xdd1ad9a21ce722c151a836373babe42c868ce9a4
市值排名	不详
当前货币价格	$0.003 (Consulted Sep 20th, 2021)
市值	不详
发行量	不详
总供应量	不详
在线交易对	不详
前 10 名交易所	Uniswap

非机器人证明（Proof of Humanity）简要概述

非机器人证明（ PoH）是以太坊上人类的社会身份验证系统。 PoH 结合了信任网络、逆向图灵测试和争议解决方案，以创建人的女巫证明列表。在 PoH 注册表上有各种惊人的用例和理由，但现在，我们先深入研究一下。

背景

还记得电影《我，机器人》吗？这有点老生常谈，但它让我们很容易联想到将机器人作为我们的主要劳动力是什么感觉。大多数情况下，我们被它留下的关于我们和身份的重要性的教导所吸引。虽然目前机器人还没有那么复杂，但未来它们或许会发展出高度先进的人工智能，在某些活动上远远超过我们，这并不奇怪。

对于常规应用程序和 DApps 之间的差异，它们都遭受相同的麻烦：机器人。虽然开发人员已经创建了限制机器人活动的方法，但区块链和加密世界中没有任何东西可以防止 DApp 被恶意机器人覆盖。此外，除了调查目的之外，还使用人工智能或可编程机制的形式来复制身份，这对我们的安全造成困扰。当前已经开发了几种解决方案（验证码），但毫无疑问，要保护用户免受技术进步的影响，还有很长的路要走。因此，证明非机器人的数字身份测试将是一个很好的举措。事实上，正是出于这些原因，非机器人证明在 Memask 钱包中创建了一个非机器人协议 API。以太坊是 DApp 最常用的区块链； MetaMask 是该链中最受欢迎的钱包。这就是团队与这两个结合的原因。在本文中，我们将讨论非机器人证明，这是以太坊中一个巧妙的身份验证系统。

什么是非机器人证明？PoH

非机器人证明或身份证明是在以太坊区块链上与 Kleros 和 Democracy Earth 合作开发的人类或社会身份验证系统。

据他们介绍，这是一个系统也是 dApp，将社交验证与视频或图像发送相结合，以创建经过验证的非机器人身份的列表/注册表，因此可以抵御 Sybil 攻击。

在女巫攻击中，攻击者可以通过创建大量看似独立的身份并使用它们来获得不成比例的影响、改变路由或修改冗余存储的内容来污染分布式系统。因此，非机器人证明旨在创建这个公共注册表，以便它可以用于身份解决方案的各种现有和新应用程序。

非机器人证明是以太坊上的一个身份注册，旨在解决“双重人类”问题：一种欺诈，其中一个人多次注册到一个域中，伪装成各种不同的独立实体。与“双花”问题类似，解决这一挑战开启了一个前所未有的可能性。它支持创建去中心化民主（无需中心化会员身份验证器以确保每个人只能投票一次）和通用基本收入加密货币（无需中心化会员身份验证器以确保每个接收者只能收到一次 UBI）。

非机器人证明已经实现了这些可能性：它在以太坊上创建了第一个民主 DAO，以及迄今为止最大的使用加密货币的基本收入实验，每月分配给每个注册表成员，目前价值约为 170 美元。它也是 Gitcoin 等平台的关键组成部分，它通过 Quadratic Funding 实现数字公共物品的去中心化融资问题。

这是一个高度实验性的项目，未来几年将涉及大量的学习——要求工作团队对一定程度的不确定性达到满意。然而，对于想要产生重大影响的人来说，这也是一个非凡的机会。

它们的用途是什么？

根据 Kleros 的说法，使用非机器人测试有很多有用的案例，今天我们将告诉您一些最有趣的案例：

UBI 或普遍基本收入

基本收入是由 Democracy Earth 和 Kleros 开发的定期支付计划。只有证明自己是非机器人的情况下，才能将这种收入提供给所有人。通过非机器人的考验（PoH），可以实现公平的普遍分配。唯一的条件是注册成为经过验证的用户。如果您已经证明您是非机器人身份，该项目将每小时奖励您 1 个 UBI 代币。这是我们可以利用的，因为即使是前阿根廷篮球运动员伊曼纽尔“马努”吉诺比利也被鼓励在今年 4 月 21 日在非机器人证明平台上注册以获得他的 UBI。

通用标识和主权身份

通过 PoH，与之关联的账户可以成为通用的登录方式。因此，在任何应用程序或 dApp 中，每次我们想登录时都不需要输入我们的数据。相反，用户无需注册即可快速识别。

认证体系和声誉

有了 PoH，如果他们希望查看我们的信息以了解我们的职位或信用评级等信息，他们可以通过我们提供给平台的数据快速完成。因此，他们不需要大量的文书工作，第一眼看到我们个人资料上的徽章，他们就能了解。

由 PoH 共识保护的侧链

侧链可以通过身份证明来保护，原则是 1 人等于 1 票。因此，它假定大多数人为解决争议做出贡献。在这种情况下，它的工作方式类似于 PoA 或权威测试，后者基于验证者的声誉。

创新的 DAO 框架

使用 PoH 注册表来检查选民“非机器人”的 DAO 框架和应用程序可以试验真正民主的系统（1 人 = 1 票_以及需要抗女巫性的创新优先或二次投票功能。例如，UBI DAO 将基于这样的治理系统，以便更好地考虑每个社区成员的声音。可以将类似的系统作为插件添加到常见的 DAO 工具，例如 Colony、Aragon 或 DAOstack。

更好的融资机制

通过将二次投票的概念扩展到一种筹资机制，人们可以为内生社区的形成创造新的机制。二次融资是一种慈善或公共资助种子设计，以允许（接近）提供最佳的分散的、自组织的公共产品生态系统。公民为对他们有价值的项目做出公共物品资助。项目收到的金额与收到的捐款的平方根之和的平方成正比。

这种机制要求账户具有 Sybil 抗性，因为将一个人的资金分配到多个账户会增加给予目标项目的金额。非机器人证明允许这种女巫抵抗。非机器人证明可以成为“激进市场”一书中解释的一些创新治理理念变为现实的重要基础设施。例如，二次投票。

认证和声誉系统

各种认证或声誉点（例如信用评分）可以添加到 PoH 配置文件中。注册个人账户将选择他们想要公开的认证。这些可以由中控实体或通过策划的注册表确认，并在个人资料上显示为徽章。

认证可以包括：

- -公民权

- -学位和专业认证

- - 技能（例如“经验丰富的 Solidity 开发人员”徽章，可以通过查看个人发布的开源代码来评估）

抗女巫空投、挖矿和 NFT 分发

空投是一种流行的代币分发方式。然而，即使需要不同形式的身份证明（电报账户、护照），这些空投通常也会受到女巫攻击。这导致转向与特定代币的用户余额成比例的空投和锁定掉落（用户需要锁定一些代币并按比例接收代币）。尽管这些技术具有抗女巫攻击性，但仍使已经拥有大量加密货币的用户受益。

非机器人证明将允许抵抗女巫的空投，参与者将获得相同数量的代币。同样的方法可以应用于抗女巫的挖矿（例如 UBI 代币累积）；确保礼物 NFT 不会被少数人囤积，或确保免费订阅计划不会被滥用。

反垃圾邮件工具

系统通常允许用户操作之前使用验证码（测试用户能力的小练习，以分析人工智能难以完成的图像或声音），以防止垃圾邮件。存在浪费用户时间，并且不会阻止来自愿意花时间解决这些问题（或外包解决方案）的坚定用户的垃圾邮件。 PoH 注册表中的人可以被允许进行许多无验证码的交互（可能足够高，以至于他们永远不必填写验证码）。向系统发送垃圾邮件的用户可能会被暂时或永久禁止。而且他们不能仅仅通过创建一个新帐户来逃避禁令。

我如何才能成为非机器人证明的一部分？

要进入列表内，您必须在非机器人证明 (PoH) 平台上注册。这也可以通过使用您手头的以太坊地址前往非机器人证明应用程序来完成。

然后，如下图所示，您的个人资料将经历一些步骤：

- - 发送数据（已提交）。

- - 保证阶段，您希望保证已支付注册费用（Vouching 阶段）。

- - 挑战，用户可以通过 Kleros 质疑您个人资料的有效性。

- - 正式注册。

- - 待删除，如果一年后您不更新帐户。

资源

- Official website: https://app.proofofhumanity.id/

- Humans on the Blockchain — intro article

- Proof of Humanity use cases list

- Github Repository

- Hard Problems in Cryptography — Vitalik Buterin (n. 15, “Anti-Sybil systems”)

- Telegram: https://t.me/proofhumanity

- Twitter: https://twitter.com/proofofhumanity

- Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/kleros/

Proof of Humanity: HUMAN and MetaMask integration

DAOrayaki DAO Research Grant：

Fund Address: 0xCd7da526f5C943126fa9E6f63b7774fA89E88d71

Voting Result：DAO Committee Yes

Grant Amount： 200 USD

Contributor：Jones, julie @Daorayaki

Year of Establishment	2021
Publish Time	March
Financing Amount	Unknown
Sector	DAO, Security, Community
Token Symbol	UBI
Token Protocol	ERC-20
Contract address	0xdd1ad9a21ce722c151a836373babe42c868ce9a4
Market Value Ranking	Unknown
Current Currency Price	$0.003 (Consulted Sep 20th, 2021)
Market Capitalization	Unknown
Circulation	Unknown
Total Supply	Unknown
Online Trading Pairs	Unknown
Top 10 Exchanges	Uniswap

Brief Overview About Proof of Humanity

Proof of Humanity (or PoH) is a social identity verification system for humans on Ethereum. PoH combines webs of trust, reverse Turing tests, and dispute resolution to create a sybil-proof list of humans. There are all sorts of amazing use cases and reasons to be on the PoH registry but for now, let’s dive into first.

Background

Remember the movie I, Robot? It’s a bit of an oldie, but one that makes it easy for us to see what it’s like to have robots as the main workforce of our species. Mostly, we are drawn to the teaching it leaves behind about our humanity and the importance of our identity. Although at present, robots are not that sophisticated, it would not be strange to think that in the future they will develop a highly advanced artificial intelligence that will surpass us, by far, in some activities.

For all the differences between regular applications and DApps, they suffer from the same nuisance: bots. While developers have created ways to limit bot activity, there has been nothing in the blockchain and crypto worlds to prevent DApps from being overrun by malicious bots. Also, beyond investigative purposes, forms of artificial intelligence or programmable mechanisms have been used to duplicate an identity, which is worrying for our security. Several solutions have been developed (captchas), but there is no doubt that there is still a long way to go to protect humanity from the advance of technology. Therefore, a digital identity test to certify that we are human would be a good initiative. Indeed, it is and it is for these reasons, Proof Of Humanity created a HUMAN Protocol API within Memask wallet. Ethereum is the most used blockchain for DApps; MetaMask is the most popular wallet within that chain. That's why the team went with both of them. In this article, we will talk about Proof of Humanity, an ingenious identity verification system in Ethereum.

What is Proof of Humanity? PoH

Proof of Humanity, or Proof of Identity, is a humanity or social identity verification system for humans developed on the Ethereum blockchain with collaboration from Kleros and Democracy Earth.

According to them, it is a system and a dApp that combines social verification with the sending of videos or images to create a list/registry of verified human identities and therefore resistant to Sybil attacks.

In Sybil attacks, an attacker can contaminate a distributed system by creating a large number of identities that appear to be independent and use them to gain disproportionate influence, alter routes or modify redundantly stored content. Therefore, Proof of Humanity aims to create this public registry so that it can be used in a variety of existing and new applications that need identity solutions.

Proof of Humanity is an identity registry on Ethereum, aiming to tackle the “double human” problem: a type of fraud in which one person registers into a domain multiple times, pretending to be various distinct, independent entities. Similarly to the “double spend” problem, solving this challenge unlocks a world of unprecedented possibilities. It enables the creation of decentralized democracies (without the need for a centralized membership authenticator to ensure each person can only vote once), and Universal Basic Income cryptocurrencies (without a centralized membership authenticator to ensure each recipient can only receive their UBI once).

Proof of Humanity is already materializing those possibilities: it has created the first democratic DAO on Ethereum, and the largest Basic Income experiment using cryptocurrencies to date, with a monthly allocation to each member of the registry, currently valued at ~170 usd. It is also a key component to platforms like Gitcoin, which enable decentralized funding of digital publics goods with Quadratic Funding.

This is a highly experimental project and the years ahead will involve enormous amounts of learning –– requiring that the team working on it is comfortable with some degree of uncertainty. However, it is also an extraordinary opportunity for someone wanting to have a big impact.

What would be their uses?

According to Kleros, there are many useful cases for the use of the humanity test and today we will tell you about some of the most interesting one:

UBI or Universal Basic Income

Universal basic income is a periodic payment program developed by Democracy Earth and Kleros. This income is given to all people in a population on the sole condition that they prove they are human. Through the test of humanity (PoH), a universal and fair distribution can be realized. The only condition is to be registered as a verified human. If you have demonstrated that you are a human, the project will reward you with 1 UBI token per hour. This is something we could take advantage of, since even Emanuel “Manu” Ginobili, former Argentine basketball player, was encouraged to register on the proof of humanity platform on April 21 of this year to receive his UBIs.

Universal identifiers and sovereign identities

Through PoH, the accounts associated with it can be a universal login method. For this reason, it would not be necessary, in any app or dApps, to enter our data every time we want to log in. On the contrary, users could be recognized quickly without the need to register.

Certification systems and reputation

With PoH, if they wish to review our information to find out, for example, our titles or credit rating, they can do so quickly through the data we provide to the platform. Therefore, instead of requiring extensive paperwork, from a first glance at a badge on our individual profile, they would be able to tell.

Side chains secured by PoH consensus

Side chains could be secured by Proof of identity with the principle that 1 person equals 1 vote. Consequently, it assumes an honest majority of humans contributing to dispute resolution. In this case, it would work similarly to PoA or authority testing, which is based on the reputation of the validators.

Innovative DAO frameworks

DAO frameworks and apps using the PoH registry to check the “humanity” of voters can experiment with truly democratic systems ( 1 person = 1 vote_ and innovative preferential or quadratic voting features for which Sybil-resistance is required. For example, the UBI DAO will be based on a governance system such as this one in order to better account for the voices of every community member. A similar system could be added as a plugin to common DAO tools such as Colony, Aragon, or DAOstack.

Better Funding Mechanisms

By extending the concept of Quadratic Voting to a funding mechanism, one can create new mechanisms for endogenous community formation. Quadratic funding is a design for philanthropic or publicly-funded seeding to allow (near) optimal provision of a decentralized, self-organized ecosystem of public goods. Citizens make public goods contributions to projects of value to them. The amount received by a project is proportional to the square of the sum of the square roots of contributions received.

This mechanism requires accounts to be Sybil-resistant as splitting one’s funding across multiple accounts increases the amount given to the target project. And Proof of Humanity allows for this Sybil-resistance. Proof of Humanity can be an important piece of infrastructure to bring into reality some of the innovative governance ideas explained in the book “Radical Markets”. For example, quadratic voting.

Certification and Reputation Systems

Various certifications or reputations points (such as creding scoring) could be added to PoH profiles. Registered individuals would select the certifications they want to be made public. These could be confirmed by central entities or through a curated registry and displayed as a badge on the individual profile.

Certifications can include:

- Country of citizenship

- Degrees and professional certifications

- Skills (for example “experienced Solidity developer” badge which could be assessed by looking at open source code published by the individual)

Sybil-Resistant Airdrops, Yield Farming, and NFT Distribution

Airdrops are a popular way to distribute tokens. However, even when requiring different forms of identification (telegram accounts, passports), those airdrops were typically Sybil-attacked. This led to a switch toward airdrops proportional to the user balance of a specific coin and lock drops (where users need to lock some coins and receive tokens proportionally). Those techniques, despite being Sybil-resistant, benefit users already having a high amount of crypto-holdings.

Proof Of HUmanity will allow Sybil-resistant airdrops where participants will each be given the same amount of coins. The same method can be applied to Sybil-resistant yield-farming (UBI token accrual, for example); to ensure gift NFTs are not hoarded by a small minority, or to ensure free subscription schemes are not abused.

Anti-Spam Tools

Systems often use captchas (small exercises testing user capacity to analyze an image or a sound which are hard to complete for AIs) before allowing a user action in order to prevent spam. There are wasting user time and do not prevent spam from a determined user who would be willing to spend the time to solve them (or outsource the solution). People in the PoH registry could be allowed a number of captcha-free interactions (potentially high enough such that they never have to fill a captcha). Users spamming the system could get temporarily or permanently banned. And they would not be able to just create a new account in order to evade the ban.

How can I become part of Proof of Humanity?

To be part of the list, you must be registered on the Proof of Humanity (PoH) platform. This can also be done by going to the Proof of Humanity app with your Ethereum address at hand.

Then, as we can see in the image below, your profile will go through certain phases:

- Sending data (Submitted).

- Guarantee phase where you expect a guarantee that the payment for the registration has been made (Vouching phase).

- Challenge, where users can question the validity of your profile through Kleros.

- Officially Registered.

- Pending deletion, if after one year you do not renew your account.